hakansokmen

Modern commercial aviation relies on a set of critical decision speeds that ensure a safe and predictable takeoff. These speeds — V1, VR, and V2  — are not arbitrary numbers; each is the outcome of detailed performance calculations considering aircraft weight, runway length, environmental conditions, engine-out capability, and regulatory safety margins. Together, they structure the “decision window” from the start of the takeoff roll to the point where the aircraft becomes safely airborne. V1...

This article provides an overview of the primary aircraft weight definitions, their calculation methods, and operational applications. Aircraft weight management plays a central role in commercial aviation. While often automated or predefined within airline systems, these values are critical to flight safety, structural integrity, and performance planning. Operational Weight Definitions Basic Weight (BW) The manufacturer-defined weight of the aircraft upon factory release. This includes the...

There are mainly 4 methods. Airport Diagram Runway length, taxiways, and runway end positions are reviewed in advance using airport...